Mouse macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), also known as CXCL2, was originally identified as a heparin-binding protein secreted by an LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line (1). A cDNA clone encoding the protein was isolated from this cell line and characterized (2). Based on its protein and DNA sequences, mouse MIP-2 was classified as a member of the alpha (CXC) chemokine family of inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines (3).
Mouse MIP-2 cDNA encodes a 100 amino acid residue precursor protein from which the amino-terminal 27 amino acid residues are cleaved to generate the mature mouse MIP-2. The protein sequence of mouse MIP-2 shows approximately 63% identity to that of mouse KC, another mouse alpha chemokine. Mouse MIP-2 is also 60% identical to human GROβ and GROγ(2). Based on these protein sequence similarities, it is likely that mouse KC and MIP-2 are homologs of human GROα, β and γ chemokines. Since chemokines with protein sequence homology to human IL-8 have not been identified in mice, it has been suggested that the mouse KC and MIP-2 are functional homologs of human IL-8 in mice (3, 4). A putative mouse homolog of the human IL-8 receptor beta (IL-8 Rβ) has also been cloned. This receptor shows 71% identity to human IL-8 Rβ and 68% identity to human IL-8 Rα. Both mouse KC and MIP-2 bind mouse IL-8 Rβ with high affinity (5).
Like human IL-8, mouse MIP-2 exhibits potent neutrophil chemotactic activity and may be a key mediator of neutrophil recruitment in response to tissue injury and infection (3, 4). Increased MIP-2 expression has been found to be associated with neutrophil influx in various inflammatory conditions (6 - 10).
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